Roman Numeral Converter
Convert any number to Roman numerals and decode them back
About this tool
This free Roman numeral converter converts any whole number from 1 to 3,999 into Roman numerals and decodes any Roman numeral string back into a standard number. Type in either field and the result appears instantly. It is useful for writing movie sequel titles, copyright years, clock face designs, legal document outlines, or Super Bowl numbers.
Roman numerals use seven letters: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000. Numbers are formed by combining these symbols using additive notation (smaller values after larger ones are added: VI = 6) and subtractive notation (smaller value before a larger one means subtract: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900). Modern usage follows the standard subtractive conventions established during the Middle Ages.
Common examples: MMXXIV = 2024, XLII = 42, MCMXCIX = 1999, XIV = 14. The Super Bowl uses Roman numerals — Super Bowl LVIII was played in 2024. Movie sequels (Rocky IV, Star Wars Episode IX), copyright notices in film credits (MMXXIV), and clock faces (often using IIII instead of IV for aesthetic balance) are among the most recognizable real-world uses.
The standard Roman numeral system cannot represent zero, negative numbers, or fractions, and is impractical for arithmetic. For historical context, Romans used a different set of symbols for fractions based on twelfths. The converter on this page uses the modern, internationally standardized form covering 1 to 3,999.